Evidence Based Practice For Treating Hypertension

Evidence-Based Practice for Treating Hypertension Madison Barber, Heather Flowers, Mary Evelyn Lott, and Cynthia Potts Auburn University Abstract Modern medical advancements have significantly decreased the prevalence and severity of infectious disease as well as the treatment of acute, traumatic conditions. Pharmacological research has also gained insight into the management of chronic disease. Still, there is an epidemic of chronic, treatable diseases like stroke, heart disease, and kidney disease. Hypertension proves to be the underlying factor associated with these diseases. Hypertension is often referred to as the silent killer because of its indication in deadly disease, and the importance of monitoring ones blood pressure is vital. Lifestyle, diet, and genetic predisposition are all factors of high blood pressure. Chronic high blood pressure above safe levels, known as hypertension, puts elevated physical stress on the renal and cardiovascular systems. By controlling this factor in patients, healthcare providers can decrease cardiovascular events, improve health outcomes, and decrease overall mortality. Patient educatio n is often overlooked in its role in the control and prevention of high blood pressure. This paper analyzes the causes and physiology behind high blood pressure as they relate to the current nursing interventions. The role of nurses is discussed in relation to patient education regarding high blood pressure, and educational approaches are analyzed.Show MoreRelatedComparison of Hypertension Treatment in the US and Egypt1556 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Hypertension in the U.S. and Egypt Abstract: This writing assignment revolves around the importance of better understanding hypertension so that it can more effectively be treated. Thus, scrutinizing research articles focusing on patients with hypertension around the U.S. and Egypt allow one to better understand which treatments are the most effective in managing this condition, shedding light on the condition as a whole. Part A of the paper will discuss what nurses can and should do in terms ofRead MoreWhat Is The 2016-European Society Of Hypertension996 Words   |  4 PagesSociety of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents† (2016) is a consensus document pertaining to the 2016 European guidelines for the treatment of hypertension in children. These guidelines are developed by experts doing a literature review of multiple randomized control trials studies. Level of Evidence According to the Medical College of Wisconsin (2017), the level of evidence-based practice is one due to the study strength and evidence levelRead MoreResearch Questions On Nursing Practice1695 Words   |  7 Pagesthis research question is to nursing practice. It will include a summary of five research articles related to my PICOT question and identify a nursing practice that is supported by current research. The paper will also explain how a nursing practice that is supported by evidence-based practice can contribute to better outcomes. Lastly, I will share a strategy to share evidence-based practice throughout my organization and explain the importance of the practice. Introduction Alcohol abuse has becomeRead MoreThe Gap Analysis Of Hypertensive Heart Disease1271 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to a recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2016) report, one out of three Americans suffers hypertension (HTN), and that accounts for 75 million or 29% of the adult population in the United States (U.S). All told, hypertension costs America 48.6 billion dollars in health care expenditures, medications, and missed days of work among the American population (CDC, 2016). According to the Texas Health Data (2013), death rate among 26,448,193 residents of Texas, 170.1 deathsRead MoreHypertension In Nursing1340 Words   |  6 Pagescurrent evidence based practices for treating and managing hypertension in comparison with the practice of health promotion and maintenance NCSBN category while addressing a clinical issue of hypertension and also suggesting a solution to the problem. Current evidenced-based practice guidelines for treatment of hypertension was created by a panel of the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8), whom reviewed peer-reviewed research and current practice to create guidelines. A hypertension managementRead MoreHypertension And High Blood Pressure1703 Words   |  7 PagesHypertension Hypertension is referred to as high blood pressure. Hypertension is frequently asymptomatic in the early stages, and the initial signs are often vague and nonspecific. They include fatigue, malaise, and sometimes morning headache. Consistently elevated blood pressure under various conditions is the key sign of hypertension. Because of the insidious onset and mild signs, hypertension is often undiagnosed until complications arise and has been called the â€Å"silent killer.† The complicationsRead MoreMy Clinical Placement For The University Hospital s Internal Medicine Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pagespaper is to explore practice setting of the internal medicine and role of my preceptor. Practice Setting The Internal Medicine providers offer comprehensive diagnostic and primary care services to general population. The providers are involved in treating complex medical problems, the diagnosis and treatment of both acute and chronic illnesses, gynecological care, urgent care, and minor surgery. The staff members, demographics of patient population, payers system, and practice policies of the InternalRead MorePotential Health Risks from Inappropriate Prescription of ACE Inhibitors1186 Words   |  5 Pagesaround the sixth decade.1 One of the most common primary diagnoses in the United States is hypertension.2 The current recommended diagnosis for hypertension is a systolic blood pressure above 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure above 90 mmHg.2 Using these guidelines, the overall prevalence of hypertension worldwide is around 20-25%.1 The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) in treating cardiac related diseases has been increasing.1 Randomized trials support that ACEI and angiotensinRead MoreOrgan Allocation Case Study : Correctional Healthcare1147 Words   |  5 PagesViral cardiomyopathy is an infection that causes acute inflammation of the heart muscle (Merck, 2017). Mr. Rodriquez’s health history is limited to hypertension. The second candidate, Mr. Smith, is an uninsured 59-year-old on disability who has severe ischemic cardiomyopathy (causing systemic failure). His other medical history includes hypertension, renal insufficiency, alcohol abuse, and coronary artery disease that caused two previous myocardial infarctions. A person’s age and their lifestyleRead MoreOrgan Donation Case Study Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesViral cardiomyopathy is an infection that causes acute inflammation of the heart muscle (Merck, 2017). Mr. Rodriquez’s health history is limited to hypertension. The second candidate, Mr. Smith, is an uninsured 59-year-old on disability who has severe ischemic cardiomyopathy (causing systemic failure). His other medical history includes hypertension, renal insufficiency, alcohol abuse, and coronary artery disease that caused two previous myocardial infarctions. A person’s age and their lifestyle

Walmart Management - 1714 Words

Management Paper on Walmart Wal-Mart Stores: Managing Diverse Organizations By Angela L. Farrish Webster University Ms. Amy Thenor December 2011 Wal-Mart In 1970, Sam Walton the founder of Wal-Mart implemented an extremely significant warehouse distribution system. This new system evolved into Wal-Mart Stores Inc. and in that same year the company was publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange. The company began to expand extremely rapidly throughout the 70’s. During this period Wal-Mart started incorporating pharmacies and auto service centers into its stores which incited even more growth. By 1979, there were 276 Wal-Mart stores in 11 states. During the early 1980’s Wal-Mart’s†¦show more content†¦This motivational strategy allows employees to benefit from their performance which will in turn make the company’s overall performance better. Home office management associates are eligible to receive additional compensation through stock options. Associates can become shareholders through the Associate Stock Ownership Plan. Wal-Mart also contributes 15% each year toward associate sto ck purchases. This contribution is capped at $1,800 each year. Since the typical Wal-Mart employee only makes between $6 and $7.50 per hour, most are unable to afford the stock options and only one in fifty associates participate in the program. Wal-Mart associates also receive 10% off selected store merchandise and are offered discounted child care through four national providers (Peterson Coleman). These benefits help Wal-Mart keep its best and brightest employees. Diversity Challenges Problems in businesses conducted across cultures often arise when individuals from one culture are not able to understand culturally determined differences. The most common difference is the language barrier if individuals are not fluent in the language. With individuals, who don’t speak the same language, the use of nonverbal cues can explain what is trying to be communicated. Nonverbal cues and behaviors vary from one culture to another. For example, people from the U.S. are taught to use direct eye contact when communicating; in manyShow MoreRelatedWalmart Organizational Management3452 Words   |  14 PagesWalmart Organizational Management Name Institution Affiliation Organizational Context Wal-Mart Stores Inc. or Walmart is a multinational retail organization that has numerous chains of large discount warehouse and general stores. The company was formed in 1962 by Sam Walton as a family-owned business. It was incorporated in 1969 and traded on the Stock Exchange of New York publicly in 1972. Since then this organization has grown strength to strength winning various accolades. In 1988, itRead MoreWalmart s History And Management2059 Words   |  9 PagesWalmart’s History and Management Walmart is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores and grocery stores. Wal-Mart controls over 11,500 stores in 28 countries around the world. It was founded in 1962 by Sam Walton. Walmart’s CEO is Doug McMillon and the Chairperson of Board of Directors is Greg Penner. Walmart as we know it today evolved from Sam Walton’s goals for great value and great customer service. He believed in leadershipRead MoreWalmart : Supply Chain Management1334 Words   |  6 Pageschain management is Walmart. In 1962, the first Walmart was open, so was Target and Kmart. Sam Walton was the founder of Walmart. Mr. Walton was known for his ways of being cheap in business and in his personal life. Walmart was mainly a success because of Mr. Walton’s wanted to keep costs low and then use the cost advantage to lower down prices even more than they were. After he did this he could then turn around and increase his volume in a product. It went round and round and now, Walmart standsRead MoreOperations Management Analysis For Walmart2766 Words   |  12 PagesOperations Management Analysis for Walmart I. Introduction Walmart is a multinational retail store based in the US. According to the Fortune Global 500 in 2015, it is the world’s largest public corporation. Its operations are organized into three divisions: Walmart Stores US, Sam’s Club, and Walmart International. The company has nine different retail formats, including supercenter, food and drugs, and membership stores. According to Yahoo Finance, Walmart is in the industry called â€Å"Discount,Read MoreWalmart Management Structure, Help Or Hindrance2847 Words   |  12 Pages Walmart Management Structure, Help or Hindrance Kristine Ehlebracht kbethwill@aol.com MGMT 591- Leadership and Organizational Behavior Prof. Van Apeldoorn August 5, 2014 Table of Contents Introduction Pg. 3 Problem Statement Pg. 4 Literature Review Pg. 5 Analysis Pg. 7 Solutions Pg. 9 Reflection Pg. 11 References Pg. 13 Introduction The company I am reviewing for this research paper is Walmart. Walmart is a global company that originated in the 1960’s byRead MoreWalmart: Organizing Funtion of Management1007 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizing Function of Management Organizing is defined as the assembly and coordination of the human, financial, physical, informational, and other resources needed to achieve goals. (Bateman Snell, 2009, pg. 20) This function is also referred to as the function used to build a dynamic organization. (Bateman Snell, 2009, pg. 20) When looking at the organization process Sam Walton the founder of Wal-Mart made sure from the very beginning to keep up with his competitors. In 1972 Kmart expandedRead MoreWalmart Information Management System773 Words   |  4 PagesWalmart Information Management System (IMS) Walmart is a retail giant that just about everyone in America has purchased something from them. It is a one stop shop for anything that a person could ever need. Walmart stores can be found anywhere in fact most people are less than an hour drive away from a Walmart store. Walmart’s success has put many companies out of business. The chains success is primarily from low prices and using an information technology system to meet customer demands givingRead MoreWalmart And Supply Chain Management Essay881 Words   |  4 Pagessupply chain management is Walmart. In 1962, the first Walmart was open, so was Target and Kmart. Sam Walton was the founder of Walmart. Mr. Walton was known for his ways of being cheap in business and in his personal life. Walmart was mainly a success because of Mr. Walton’s wanted to keep costs low and then use cost advantage to lower down prices to increase volume. It went round and round and now, Walmart stands as one of the largest retail s tores globally. Within the last ten years, Walmart has becomeRead MoreEssay on Walmart- Functions of Management2070 Words   |  9 PagesFunctions of Management Wal-Mart has several internal factors that affect the four functions of management. Two of these factors are diversity and ethics. Wal-Mart is a strong believer in diversity. â€Å"We make diversity part of our business plan, ensuring we can continue to be a global leader in all aspects of Diversity and Inclusion† (Diversity, para 1). Wal-Mart uses diversity at all levels of employment. Through diversity, Wal-Mart can use the four functions of management to achieve theirRead MoreCase Study : Walmart s Operations Management1202 Words   |  5 Pagescorporation. Since it is a big corporation I was mostly interested in learning more about the Walmart Corporation. Walmart’s operations management covers a mixture of concepts that focus on managing the supply chain and inventory, as well as sales performance2. The company has become successful because it follows an effective performance in operations management2. This paper will be giving some information about Wa lmart and how it came to be. Also, there will be an analysis of the different business operations

Business Plan for a Real Estate Business in Bangladesh free essay sample

It will make good quality flats for clients to live and enjoy lot more exclusive facilities. All these will be available at a very reasonable price. Since we believe in economies of scale. Slogan: â€Å"feel like living on heaven in every moment† Financing: To start up the business, Tk. 20 crores will be required, some additional needs to be financed by the bank. The loan will be repaid by five years. Confidentiality: This Business Plan is strictly confidential and is the property of the co-owners mentioned above. Any reproduction of the material inside will result is strictly prohibited. There has always been a good demand in the real estate market, and as the income level of the people of Bangladesh grows, that demand is surging even further. People want to buy unique, good-looking and attractive flats, but they want a good value for their money as well. That’s where we come in. We offer excellent quality flats, at reasonable prices. Another uniqueness of our business is that we have a separate line of apartments for office/bank use only. There is currently no such real estate companies in Bangladesh that offers an exclusive line of apartments. Therefore, in this segment, we can enjoy the benefits of being an oligopolist. On the other hand, we have the business-to-business prospect. Due to good economic growth, apartments are on the rise.Raihan with share of profit and loss according to ratio of equity invested. Together, we have gathered the necessary expertise required to run a real estate business. Initially, we will of course incur losses, but we plan to make profits in the fourth or fifth year. Real Estate Industry Analysis Industry Analysis: Real estate is a fixed, tangible and immovable asset in form of houses or commercial property. Real estate market involves developing, renting, selling/purchasing and renovating of these assets (houses). Market participants includes o Developers (contractors, engineers, and so on), o Facilitators (mortgage companies, real estate brokers, banks, anagement agents and so on), owners, renters (leasers) Each product (house) is unique in terms of buildings, location, and financing thus market has heterogeneous products. Transaction costs are high and the process is usually long. Though there are mobile homes, but the land underneath is till immobile, real estate is an immovable asset. Market Segmentations: The main factor that affects demand in real estate industry is demographic features. The demographic variables include population size and growth, cultural background, beliefs. However, other factors like income, price of housing, cost and availability of funds, consumer preference, supplier’s preference, price of substitutes and compliments.Future Outlook: One of the most startling statistics regarding real estate in this country, and a fact few people even realize, is that big portion of land in the Bangladesh is held either by the Government or is being used for agricultural purposes. The total farm area comprises about 62% of the total geographical area, forest area accounts for 15%, Perennial water 11% and urban area only 01%. The physical landscape is characterized by small arable fields. There are over 11 million farm holdings with more than 65 million fragments. The pattern of land ownership is highly skewed. 5% for the families having land above 7. 2 acres own 26% of the land and 70% of the families having land below 2. 5 acres own only 29% of the land.The per capita availability of crop land is at present only 0. 24 acre. Land utilization statistics indicate that 54% of the net cropped area is single cropped and area under double and triple cropping account for 72% of the gross cropped area. 20% of the total cropped areas have irrigation facilities. Yield is low i. e. rice -0. 703 metric ton per acre. Annual food deficit ranges between 1. 5 2. 0 million metric tons. Frequent natural calamities like cyclone, flood, drought, tidal bore etc. add to the shortfall of crops and livestock. What this means is that only few portion of the country is available to support all residential and commercial uses.This equates to nearly 1800 people per square mile of land by 2020. Despite the mortgage crisis and resulting financial meltdown of the last several years, these statistics seem to indicate that owning real estate in Bangladesh will continue to be a wise investment. In the very basic economic sense, there is no more land being created (limited supply) and more population density every day (increased demand). ? Economy: Growth in FY2010 was better than expected in April 2010 in Bangladesh, as a pickup in domestic demand neutralized the impact of weak expansion in exports. Inflation came in below the April projection, and the current account surplus was higher.For FY2011, this Update retains the outlook of a moderate uptick in growth, but with a slightly lower forecast for inflation and a larger fall in the current account surplus. To raise growth prospects, power and gas shortages need to be eliminated and reforms accelerated. More fundamentally, political stability will be critical to boosting growth. The bank’s Monetary Policy Statement (MPS), issued in July 2010, indicated that there may have been some diversion of private credit into consumer spending and into speculative investments in the stock market and real estate. . So we are expecting that, the economic condition in Bangladesh will be much better for business. If we also consider the given figures the scenario will be clear more.

Gather Ye Rosebuds Essay Example For Students

Gather Ye Rosebuds Essay It is a blessing to those who live today that over the years men and women have written poetry. In some poetry have been words reminding those who read it of the wonderful world in which they breathe and the necessity to live life. One of the writers of such poetry was Robert Herrick. Herrick used a lyrical style, unappreciated in his day, to write poetry that captured the very essence of carpe diem-to seize the day. Many of his poems were published in a volume entitled Hesperides. The most famous of those poems, is To the Virgins, to make much of Time. By examining the work of Herrick-To the Virgins in particular, his life, and the times he lived in its possible to gain a greater appreciation and understanding of what he was writing about. Specifically the purpose is to examine how Herricks use of imagery with his words contributes to the lyricism of the poems. And this same flower that smiles todayThe glorious lamp of heaven, the sun,That age is best which is the first,But being spent, the worse, and worstFor, having lost but once your prime,To the Virgins, to make much of Time is a poem decidedly representative of the poetry of Herrick. In particular, notice the use of nouns heavy on imagery. Such as rosebud, a-flying, lamp of heaven, and setting sun. Each of these words and phrases bring to mind specific images. This poem was one of the 1,130 in the collection that Herrick had published as part of Hesperides in 1648. To the Virgins is representative of many of Herricks best poetry. It uses extensive imagery, especially with flowers. What it is most representative of it is how it is lyrical. There is ample evidence that Herrick intended many of his poems to be set to music including To the Virgins. A. E. Gilmore wrote an essay on Herrick and the lyricism in his poetry. He points out, To the Virgins is written entirely in ballad form. One can attest to this virtue by singing To the Virgins or To Anthea to the tune of (Ben) Johnsons Drinke to me, onely, since that most popular of all seventeenth-century songs is also written in ballad measure.(68) I sing of Times trans-shifting, and I writeHow Roses first came Red, and Lillies White. The first poem in Hesperides is The Argument of his Book. This poem shows what Herrick is able to do with the imagery. With his words he is able to write about the idea of death. T.G.S. Cain points this out in the following quote taken from an essay he wrote dealing exclusively with the way Herrick continually brings the passage of time up in his poems. Of all the subjects to which he draws attention in the introductory poem to Hesperides, The Argument of his Book, none so dominates Herricks work as the one which he calls there Times trans-shifting. It is a subject to which he returns again and again in his attempt to come to terms with the inevitability of human transience and death.(103)Again both of the poems-To the Virgins and The Argument of his Book-contain two common characteristics. They both use visual imagery in a way that references the idea of carpe diem, and are written in a lyrical form. That is to say that both of his poems-and most of the rest of poems in Hesperides-c ould be put to music and sung aloud. By writing about a subject of such importance-the passage of time, and doing so in a way that is both pleasing to a reader or a listener Herrick makes a significant contribution to the world of poetry.An easy reaction to reading Herricks poetry is that it is short. Short being a relative term, but for the most part this is an accurate statement. Most likely this is the result of the ability to say a great deal-even about complex subjects-using powerful words that are strong in imagery. The brevity makes possible the lyricism since the words have to be put in a way that can be set to music. .ubac630d2ea08fd00dd19ad84aaa8614c , .ubac630d2ea08fd00dd19ad84aaa8614c .postImageUrl , .ubac630d2ea08fd00dd19ad84aaa8614c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubac630d2ea08fd00dd19ad84aaa8614c , .ubac630d2ea08fd00dd19ad84aaa8614c:hover , .ubac630d2ea08fd00dd19ad84aaa8614c:visited , .ubac630d2ea08fd00dd19ad84aaa8614c:active { border:0!important; } .ubac630d2ea08fd00dd19ad84aaa8614c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubac630d2ea08fd00dd19ad84aaa8614c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubac630d2ea08fd00dd19ad84aaa8614c:active , .ubac630d2ea08fd00dd19ad84aaa8614c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubac630d2ea08fd00dd19ad84aaa8614c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubac630d2ea08fd00dd19ad84aaa8614c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubac630d2ea08fd00dd19ad84aaa8614c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubac630d2ea08fd00dd19ad84aaa8614c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubac630d2ea08fd00dd19ad84aaa8614c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubac630d2ea08fd00dd19ad84aaa8614c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubac630d2ea08fd00dd19ad84aaa8614c .ubac630d2ea08fd00dd19ad84aaa8614c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubac630d2ea08fd00dd19ad84aaa8614c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Physics IA critical angle of glass EssayIt is worth noting that even in a poem the length of To the Virgins that each of the stanzas could legitimately hold up as individual poems. It is no surprise that comparisons are made between the short verse that Herrick uses and the short poems that Japanese writers use in writing haiku. While having few words can be taken by some as lacking substance, the Japanese have always appreciated being able to use a few strong words to say a great deal. Shonosuke Ishii wrote an essay comparing Herricks poetry to that of Japanese haiku. Ishii says, Herricks fewer words are often more pleasing to the Japanese sensibility than other poets eloquence or verbosity. Although even Herrick is considerably more loquacious than those Japanese poets who work with only seventeen or thirty-one syllables, to the Japanese he does seem to appreciate the virtues of modesty and restraint.(193-194) This can only be accomplished through selective word choice. Good examples in the poems previously mentioned are: times trans-shifting, and Old time still a-flying. Herricks choice to write poems that could also be songs might have been a result of his life as a minister. He attended St. Johns College for boys where he was required to sing hymns daily. The choice of subject matter in the poems would be the result of the life experiences Herrick had growing up. According to the research of Sir Edmund Gosse, Herrick spent his early life by the river-side, going to bath in the summer with crowds of other youths and soft-smoothed virgins, up as far as Richmond.(Gosse 127). In 1607 Herrick was apprenticing as a goldsmith before going to St. Johnss. He was very poor and had to make requests of his rich uncle in order to pay for his books. His past is worth looking at because of the possibility of understanding where the words he uses are coming from. That is to say what the images are that he is writing about. The imagery of virgins bathing as seen by a young boy might be different than merely a random narrative voice. J.B. Broadbent wrote in an essay for the Times Literary Supplement, the world of poetry can never forget the work of (Robert) Herrick. His use of visual imagery, in connection with ballads so central to his work, make him a figure of utmost importance.(p. 836). If the idea of less is more is correct then the numerous short poems of Herrick remain a significant contribution to everyone who reads poetry. In his words are the reminders to seize the day and to notice the beauty in life-such as the flowers and the colors. By using a style of lyricism made potent by sharp visual imagery, Herrick was able to say a great deal about the wonderful world in which he lived and breathed. Bibliography:Times trans-shifting:Herrick in Meditation by T.G.S. Cain

Management and Leadership in Nickel and Dimed

Barbara Ehrenreich’s book, Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America, is an astounding expose ´ of the lives of minimum wage earners living in the United States. The author forfeited her good life and went undercover in various cities in the U.S. to assume the role a minimum wage employee. As she describes in the book, Ehrenreich found it hard to make ends meet despite being forced to work on two jobs at the same time (Ehrenreich, 199).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Leadership in Nickel and Dimed specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the book, she points out the difficulties and sufferings of people, who, either through not having enough experience or other reasons, have to endure the difficult journey of having to start their careers at the bottom by being paid low-wages. Ehrenreich’s elaboration indicates that they find it hard to get by, and even more cumbersome to forge w ays ahead. Thus, the issues she raises are due to poor leadership and management styles demonstrated by most American companies towards their workforce. It is important to point out that the book is not simply about an explanation of the difficulties endured by minimum-wage workers, but it is timely literary work that attacks the improper leadership and management styles practiced by the corporations in America. Thus, as indicated in Nickel and Dimed, the inefficiencies in running corporations have made many employees to suffer from mistreatment by their employers and even coworkers. In describing her experiences, Ehrenreich says that her performance was excellent at every position; however, she expresses grief over the lack of any motivation or good remarks from either the administration or her coworkers on her performance despite the fact that the responsibilities she was given required a lot of concentration and skills to be performed properly. For example, she opted out of her f irst job at Key West, Florida, because there was lack of motivation. Despite doing two jobs at ago, the payment she received from her employers was hardly enough to enough to sustain her and pay her rent. More so, her coworkers did nothing to prevent her exit despite telling them her reasons. The effective running of an organization requires one to be endowed with essential skills in leadership and management. Skills in constantly evaluating the performance of the employees, addressing the various changes and misfortunes that take place in corporations, and effective communication with employees are essential as they make sure that the corporation attains its goals. However, as detailed in the book, these effective management tools are absent in some corporations in America. For instance, while Ehrenreich was working as a maid in Portland, Maine, the management did not care for its employees even if one of them got injured. More so, communicating with the management on issues relate d to performance improvement at the work place attracted an immediate dismissal.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A notable experience that the author narrates regarding poor leadership and management style is when she worked in Minneapolis, Minnesota, at one of the Wal-Mart’s stores. She noticed that the company’s management used dirty tricks to keep their wages low and the employees are considered just like money making machines and not as assets to the company that should be treated fairly. In conclusion, the book, Nickel and Dimed, points out ineffective management and leadership styles that are being practiced by most corporations in America in order to maintain their wages at low levels. Thus, it is an eye opener for managers who want to maintain a motivated workforce. Works Cited Ehrenreich, Barbara. Nickel and dimed: on (not) getting by in America. New Y ork:  Henry Holt Co, 2008. Print. This essay on Management and Leadership in Nickel and Dimed was written and submitted by user Joslyn Carver to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Taxation

Taxation After the 2007 economic recession, it is claimed that many people have defaulted in paying their taxes due to low returns and lack of jobs. The media has focused on the issue mainly because taxation is a sensitive issue to government. Anusha Shrivastava wrote that the Federal Reserve had not done enough during the last few years to boost the economy (1). In this regard, fiscal policies must be designed to ensure maximum taxation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Taxation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Policies made should be in line with the state’s monetary policies. This would stimulate the economy. Brenda Cronin observed that American households had witnessed a rise in their income in the recent days (2). She however predicts that economic growth could be temporary because of financial problems in other states. Cronin argues that there is some hope among Americans that the economy might favor them. This is welcomed by the state because taxation would be enhanced. Conversely, many people are not sure whether economic growth rate will hold. Citizens argue that one-month growth rate should not be used to speculate good future. Brendan Conway argues that taxation is projected to fall because American stock market is experiencing tensions due to the on-going financial meltdown in Europe (2). The columnist argues that Dow Jones Industrial unit had already witnessed a drop of 145 points or 1.2% of its total shares. This shows that economic tension is still a threat to taxation. Many citizens would not be able to pay their taxes. The claims in the media belong to the camp of freedom and community. The columnists are discussing some of the key issues that touch on the freedom of people and their communal living. Citizens are burdened with the responsibility of paying taxes yet they are not in a position. Taxation denies people their freedom because they become slaves only to pay taxes. Theref ore, the columnists present some problems that affect people in society. Citizens are seeking freedom although it is tied to other things. Economic freedom would liberate people from poverty. Cronin argues that the state does not except the poor from taxation. The rich are taxed in the same way as the poor. This represents inequality because the state should tax the rich to feed the poor. This shows that capitalism is a problem to society. It affects the lives of citizens because it leads to domination, alienation and pauperization. The existing tax system portrays inequalities because it increases the gap between the rich and the poor. The rich pay fewer taxes while the poor are taxed heavily. Such system leads to instabilities in the community because it affects the social structure. Families continue suffering because able members are forced to work hard only to pay taxes.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first pa per with 15% OFF Learn More Karl Marx argued that the economy determines all aspects of life. In this respect, life is depended on production and distribution. Marx focused on the work that people do in order to sustain their lives. The most important aspect of life is the means of production. The means of production such as tools, raw materials and skills are the base of any society. He observed that a small group in the society controls capital. The main aim of the owners of the means of production is to maximize profits. Plato on his part observed that justice is only achieved when people pay taxes. The best in society should be allowed to rule because they are able to bring justice and order. Citizens must be governed because they are highly appetitive. This means that they can easily be corrupted by the earthly. The philosopher king is compared to gold, meaning that he/she is the best in society (Nettleship 89). Soldiers are likened to silver. They do not have t he best knowledge to run the economy but they help the philosopher king in enforcing the law. Their main role is to make sure that people conform to the set rules. Citizens are like bronze. This means that they are not much valued. Plato argued that citizens must be respected because they are taxpayers. Any government cannot do without citizens. However, Plato observed that citizens must not be given a chance to rule because they are least qualified. Karl Marx would argue that the state is the property of the ruling class. The state serves the interests of the owners of means of production (27). Marx could further observe that policies made are meant to subjugate and dominate workers. Workers are forced to pay taxes making them to work hard. The owners of the means of production benefit because workers produce more goods to earn more wages. The state makes sure that people participate in economic development by setting standards for each person. Workers do not benefit from governmen t policies, which make them to rise up to the occasion and fight for their rights. Workers will one day overthrow the ruling class, leading to socialism. Marx argued that taxation is one of the reasons that will force workers to challenge the elites in society. He further observed that introduction of technology would contribute to worker’s dissatisfaction. Profits will fall among capitalists because of competition, which will force them to adopt technology because it is easy to control. Plato on his part was against capitalism because it supports democracy. Plato was disillusioned with the way Socrates was treated by the thirty tyrants (Blackburn 35). Socrates was falsely accused of inciting the youth against the aristocrats. Socrates was finally punished by death, something that did not go down well with Plato. Plato became an opponent of democracy, suggesting that the best form of government should be based on educational qualification. The most qualified would identify ho w much each person should pay in form of taxes. Democracy is the tyranny of the multitude according to Plato. He highly discouraged democracy because it oppressed some members of society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Taxation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Anusha, Shrivastava. Fed’s Williams: Fiscal Policy Actions ‘Badly Needed’. Wall Street Journal, 18 Nov. 2011. Web. Nov. 2011. https://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2011/11/18/feds-williams-fiscal-policy-actions-badly-needed/?mod=WSJBlogmod=marketbeat Blackburn, Simon. Plato’s Republic: A Biography. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2007. Conway, Brendan. Global Stocks Slide. Wall Street Journal, 20 Nov. 2011. Web. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204531404577051842829678760 Cronin, Brenda. Uptick in household income: Trend or hiccup. Wall Street Journal, 21 Nov. 2011. Web.  https://blogs.wsj.com/economics/2011/11/21/uptick- in-household-income-trend-or-hiccup/?mod=WSJBlogmod=marketbeat Marx, Karl. A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1977. Web.  https://www.marxists.org/ Nettleship, Richard. The Theory of Education in Platos Republic. London: Oxford, 1935.

Negative Influences Disney Channel has on kids today Essay

Negative Influences Disney Channel has on kids today - Essay Example Many people agree that there is no childhood without living a Disney flick in some ways. These specific characters in Disney affect how children relate and even their perceptions about each other. In many of the Disney flicks, the kids are taught that being cool relates to glamour and richness. This creates a boundary with their relationship with fellow kids in class. The kids also get the notion that skimpy dressing is cool. The Disney characters, therefore, affect children’s life in one way or the other. Even if it is not during their childhoods, the effect will still be present in one aspect of their lives. The most notable example of a Disney channel is Hannah Montana. She was one of the favorites for many kids. Her recent infamous twerking incidences are nothing to inspire any kids. She shows the kids that being cool is partying and doing drugs. This has innumerable effects on the kids’ lives. This essay seeks to discuss how the Disney characters affect the childre n in their daily lives. It also discusses the main effects that the kids get after trying to emulate these characters. In most Disney films, they depict ugliness as bad and beauty as good. In these flicks, all the heroes are typically beautiful while the villains are typically unattractive. For instance, Disney’s beauty and the beast give this exact picture. ... Some people might agree that Disney tries to portray a positive message in most of their flicks (Joseph 14). However, this is not the case since the kids can get a different perception when they watch the movies. For instance in the beauty and the beast, Disney should have presented a case where beauty is portrayed as in the inside of a person and not superficially. Clearly, this would have a different effect on the children watching the movie. From the movie, they are showing that to find true love in life one must be beautiful. Other Disney characters like Donald duck, goofy and Mickey Mouse, teach children inappropriate behavior. From these characters, the children learn that a cunning character helped them get away with mischief. This is a very wrong perception for the kids. On a different perspective the children, most parent bar their kids from watching the rap songs that show partial nudity, parties and alcohol. The kids are advised to watch the Disney channel (Booker 143). In terestingly there is no difference in this channel since movies like â€Å"lemonade mouth† â€Å"Shake it Up†, â€Å"Sharpay’s fabulous adventure† and â€Å"Hannah Montana† gives children similar depictions. They inform the children that to be cool they have to attend parties, become rich, famous and glamorous. This is no different from the rap songs since the message getting across is similarly negative (Whitely 99). It is from these movies that the kids develop delinquent characters to match with the competition of staying cool at school. The celebrities of Disney channel often times play the most important role in our children’s lives. They are the coolest and most stylish role model to our children. Kids want to buy products from anything like posters of celebrities to even their

Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Africa - Essay Example This resulted in the continent losing its strategic significance (Kapstein 385). The economy fell so low that the continent depended on donor aid. Despite this, back home Africans were investing a lot in their economy. This also attracted direct foreign investment, which played part in development of the economy. There are various reasons that made Africa’s economy grow. The fact that people started moving from rural areas to urban areas was a significant factor that led to the economic growth of Africa. This is because, urban centers bring a lot of minds together thus resulting in innovation. Another way that urbanization led to the growth of Africa’s economy is the fact that urban centers provide good markets for goods and services. Both local and foreign investment also resulted in the continent’s economy growth. The global crisis affected all economies in the world. Companies went bankrupt, and many people lost their jobs. However, it is said that Africa was one of the less affected continents by the global financial crisis of 2008 (Kapstein 384). It is the effects that the crisis had on Europe and North America that will affect Africa’s economy. This is because the financial crisis made countries in Europe and North America to take up measures and policies that would help their falling economy rise again. These measures included stimulus policies that emphasized on protectionism. This is where countries block the importation of commodities that are also produced within the country. As we know, Europe and North America are the key markets for African products hence this will affect the economy of Africa negatively (Kapstein p387). Despite all this, Africa’s economy is faced with various problems. One serious problem is poor governance. Governments in Africa are filled with corrupt leaders who steal a lot of money from the countries funds. These leaders make poor decisions on

MGM600-0803B-02 Applied Managerial Decision-Making - Phase 1 Essay

MGM600-0803B-02 Applied Managerial Decision-Making - Phase 1 Discussion Board - Essay Example On the other hand, continuous data is the information that can be calculated using scale or continuum. Continuous data comprises all types of numerical and it can be subdivided to have a better understanding into units and sub units depending on the accuracy required for a measurement. Discrete data gives input whether a variable is good, bad, on or off while continuous data can be measured in time, size, length, width, cost and temperature. Money, time and temperature are continuous data. For example, when we measure a slab of equal size, slabs that do not comply with the specifications will be put aside and this would be discrete data because slabs are separated because it is not as per the specifications. Since the data is collected to measure the slabs of specific size, it is continuous data. This example involves the measure of continuous data but discrete data forms a part of it (Karthik, 2003, Continuous Data). The American Heart Association encourages the reduction of fat in food available in restaurants, bakers and in packaged form. The association basically promotes safe food and oil consumption and has set up the 1-800 numbers for consumers to clear their doubts about food safety thereby promoting healthy eating habits (American Heart Association Calls on the U.S., 2007). Some of the commonly asked question is advice on changing the snack eating habits of obese children. This question received at 1-800 was put up at SUNY Upstate Medical University Health Connections who suggested the child should be taken to the primary care provider since the child may have basic health problems which should be checked. If it is a case of general condition, parents are referred to avail information from Mayo Clinic through the online Health library of CNN. This is a discrete date because obesity of the child cannot be measured but can be called as obese (Are Evening Snacks OK?

The Emerging Challenges In Airport Management

The Emerging Challenges In Airport Management INTRODUCTION In order to understand where international air transportation may be heading to long-term, the factors which have driven the growth in air travel in the past and what will those forces look like in the future? The last quarter of the twentieth century has seen gigantic change in the transport sectors of many countries, imposing much dislocation on both people and companies engaged in the provision of transport services. An airport is comprised of a huge variety of facilities, systems, users, workers, rules and regulations. Also, just as cities flourish on trade and commerce with other cities, airports are successful in part by their ability to lucratively be the location where passengers and cargo travel to and from other airports. Moreover, just as cities find their place as part of its countys, states, and countrys economy, airports, too must operate effectively as part of the nations system of airports. Many other economic sectors have faced the need for vast adaptation to new trends in the growth of the world economy. These challenges faced by airports are enormous. Airports query in forward way and are described in gathered information. OVERVIEW: An assessment of abundant air travel forecasting models indicates the key drivers as GDP and income growth. In a replica an economic recovery will produce a set of world economies which will look much the same as what we saw in 2007-2008, then knowing the expected values and influences of old variables is what is important. Closely linked to these factors are trade growth, Security, congestion in airport and airspace, automation, ground access, CNS/ATM, Environmental constraints and foreign direct investment. Airlines are turning to bigger and larger aircraft, financial constraints, increasing consumer interests are some of the irritants. Simulation of passenger flow in an airport terminal is also a major problem in an airport. There have been policy changes, including the increasing liberalization of international aviation agreements, the changing business models of carriers, the expansion of alliances and the growth in long haul aircraft fleets. Influences to be considered in assessing the future of international passenger air travel are those things events, policies and economic and political environment which are new. New forces will be at work in the future that will have an impact on international air travel. IDENTIFIED CHALLENGES: AIRLINE MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT ECONOMIC IMPACT IN PRIVATIZATION AIRPORT AIRLINE RELATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AUTOMATION CARGO PROBLEMS AIR TRAFFIC CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS AIRPORT-AIRSPACE CONGESTION SAFETY NEW LARGE AIRCRAFT COMPACTING STRATEGIES: AIRLINE MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT This has been prepared against a backdrop of what is still an industry facing rapid change and continuing financial problems. We have also seen that in aviation it is a dangerous statement to say that, Things cant possibly get any worse. People were indeed saying this in 2003, when things did get worse with a rapid increase in the price of aviation fuel which has continued up to the present time. The industry has endured turbulent times before admittedly at a reduced scale compared with today and has come through them. The problem for traditional airlines will be that most of this traffic will be carried by the small number of giant global Integrators rather than by them. When coming to the property management airport shareholders and owners demands grow, non-aeronautical related income is becoming increasingly important for airports. The marketing environment of the airline industry will certainly remain volatile and difficult. The established trends towards deregulation and liberalization will continue, and, at least towards the end of a ten-year timescale, may encompass the long-overdue changes in ownership and control rules which will allow aviation to finally take its place amongst other global industries. Technology will also affect airlines. In the future, though the ability to build and maintain strong brands will be a necessary requirement for success. If it is, it will require marketing communication spending which is substantial, well-thought out and seen in a strategic, long-term way rather than as a tactical exercise which can be reduced or ditched as soon as times become difficult. This Airport module helps airports to manage their rental, lease, license and concession related interests. It provides the information you need to make important property related business decisions. An effective tool for quick resolution and management of airport activities. Simple tracking and escalation of tasks to the right people in the airport and Information is provided at the fingertips of the right people within the airport, enabling effective decision making in incident management also solves problem. AIRPORT PRIVATIZATION: Airports have been increasingly dependent on the private sector to provide services as a way to reduce costs and improve the quality and the range of services offered. Privatization refers to changing governmental functions and responsibilities, in complete or in part, to the private sector. Most services now performed at large commercial airports, such as airline ticketing, baggage handling, cleaning, retail concessions, and ground transportation, are provided by private firms. Even after privatization, the airports have remained subject to government regulation of airline access, airport charges to airlines, safety, security, and environmental protection. Privatization advocates believe that private firms would provide additional capital for development; privatized airports would be more profitable because the private sector would operate them more efficiently, and advocates believe that privatization would financially benefit all levels of government by reducing demand on public funds and increasing the tax base. However, the concepts that drive private enterprises toward competitive and efficient operations are becoming embraced by publicly owned and managed airports. As a result, more efficient executive structures and management responsibilities have resulted in more streamlined and efficient airport management organizational structures which can visualize solutions to future issues and problems and reach the goals. AIRPORT AIRLINE RELATIONS: Almost all are owned and operated by state Governments or subdivisions of state governments such as cities, counties, or airport authorities. Unlike railroads, motor freight carriers, and bus lines, which must own, their terminals, the airlines do not own the airports. This has the advantage of holding down the capital investment necessary to operate, but the disadvantage that the airlines must cope with the policies, practices, And charges of hundreds of separate airport-operating entities. The airlines, which are properly merely tenants at the airport, thus become enmeshed in the financial problems of the airport. Another matter of concern to the airlines is airport capacity. Deregulation, stimulated a trend toward smaller aircraft which increased the number of flights needed to serve a given number of passengers. Deregulation has also tended to encourage hub-and-spoke operations, as mentioned earlier, where a carrier selects an airport as a hub and tries to time a number of inbound flights to feed traffic to an outbound flight. Aggravating these factors, the long-term growth of traffic continues. The airline tends to blame the government for the problem of congestion and delays at the busiest airports, alleging that the air traffic control system, which is operated by the FAA, has lagged in introducing the most modern technology, and that there has been insufficient funding for needed airport improvements. As these factors will be seen from the foregoing, airport economics and airline economics are closely intertwined. As these problem areas demonstrate, airline economics is closely interrelated not only with other parts of the economic system but also very much with the social, technological, and political arenas. The problems are many and severe, but challenging. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES: Airplanes, a source of carbon dioxide emissions, are poised to become a major factor in global warming in the future, according to new predictions. These types of airport problem in which airlines are deeply involved come under the general heading of environmental interactions. An airport can cause noise, air, and water pollution, as well as automobile traffic congestion. Environmentalists will insist, with some logic, that the true costs of an airport should include the social costs of such pollution and congestion-that is, the losses to society in its quality of living. Noise problems due to aircraft operations are the most serious of the environmental charges against the airports and in many ways the hardest to resolve. In a few instances it has been possible to acquire huge tracts of land around the airport so that the aircraft flight paths are over airport property when they are at low levels. Proposals have been made to locate new airports at sea or, for Chicago and other lake ports, out in the lakes. So many large U.S. cities are located on the oceans or the Great Lakes that such projects are at least Conceivable for the next century, although they would present their own technological and environmental difficulties. The noise problem has also been tackled by finding ways to make aircraft engines quieter. AUTOMATION: Another important input that promotes the airport access is the automation. Advancement information communication technology (ICT) has eased much of the pressure from airport operations. As airport operations, you need to focus more on integrating the ICT applications to improve key functional departments and personnel within the airport to access critical airport information in support of resources management, engineering and maintenance, financial management, operations and all decision support activities. Managing an airports revenue stream can be a complex and difficult task. The Airport Billing Module is designed to vastly simplify the collation and billing of all your flight and non-flight related revenue. The system is completely flexible to your specific business requirements while maintaining billing integrity and ease of use. Its primary focus is on improved operational efficiency and charge flexibility makes it an affordable solution, minimizing your costs whilst maximizing your revenue options. Reporting is made simple with the ability to derive accurate financial, operational and executive Key Performance Indicators. Automation related incidents are common knowledge because of their increasing frequency of occurrence. Data- entry errors, monitoring failures, system workarounds and mode misapplication which fault rarely occur in isolation or without contributing factors. Some of the solutions for the issues are awareness, training, by standard operating procedure and crew coordination .in which mode awareness, situational awareness, system awareness, and increased heads-down time which are the conditions that may lead to unsafe conditions in advanced-technology air-craft. CARGO PROBLEMS: Certain problems in the air cargo field deserve special notice, such as inflation, multilateral cargo agreements, and the impact of trade agreements, fuel policy, hazardous cargo, and cargo alliances. These seem to be inherent in the air cargo business. Among these are directional imbalance, the absence of new dedicated freighter aircraft, airport noise regulations, and the dependence in many domestic markets on belly cargo and thus on schedules tailored to please passengers. Despite these chronic problems, air freight continues to grow, and small-package traffic continues to grow rapidly. AIR TRAFFIC: Most airports around the world today are facing a crisis due to an exponential increase in air traffic. The modeling software ARENA developed by Rockwell Automation is made use of in simulating the complete flow of passengers for typical mid-sized airport during the domestic arrival, departure, and also during international arrival and departure for a flight. Arena basically helps in streamlining and optimizing all the passenger related processes at the airport. It helps reducing passenger processing times, and the number of passengers who miss their flight due to lack of time. The four major controller classifications at control towers: Flight Data Controller, Clearance Delivery Controller Ground Controller and Local Controller which of these positions has specific duties. Not only airlines/airports contributions by way of passenger and freight activities, and the increasing number of aircraft movements are vital input to national economy. The need for change in the current CNS/ATM is due to two principal factors: Due to inherent limitations in the current system, it will not be able to cope-up with the growing demand of air traffic; and the need for global consistency in the providing air traffic services (ATS) while progressing towards a seamless CNS/ATM system. A Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance/ Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) master plan is a plan for a needs-driven, economically justified, evolutionary system and modernization. The Plan must: (1) sustain systems necessary to maintain existing level of service; introduce new operational procedures, technologies, and mechanization concepts necessary to meet user and operator needs; and introduce appropriate program management structures for successful accomplishment of the Plan Required Total System Performance (RTSP) concept, Required Communication Performance (RCP) concept, Required Navigation Performance (RNP) concept, Required Surveillance Performance (RSP) Concept, Free Flight/Autonomous are new emerging concepts may prove as performance measurement gauge for CNS /ATM in order to avoid any sort of problems in the systems. When air traffic vs. GDP the air transportation industry is therefore, highly susceptible to economic cycles and fluctuations in fuel prices. Globally, the share of raw material moving between regions has declined, while the Share of cross-moments has increased. As we are facing many challenges in order to meet the world trade amounting in which 35% of international trade moves by air as per report in 2008 ,40%of trade over some 3.5 $ trillion in value. Air transport, therefore, drives economic and social progress. In most developing countries, the demand for freight and passenger traffic is growing faster than population and GDP growth rate. CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS: Capacity constraints include not only limited physical infrastructure like Runways and terminals but also administrative limitations like night curfews, noise emission budgets or noise release limits, which all restrict the overall level of air travel demand an airport is potentially able to serve. However, airport choice varies considerably when travelers are faced with capacity constraints, and thus depends on the gap between demand potential of an airport and the demand at capacity level. Thus it would seem appropriate to incorporate the impact of capacity constraints in a systematic and coherent way when planning studies on future airport choice. Due to impact of the capacity constraints on airport choice the expansion by Redistribution of demand among neighboring airports restricted growth of local demand Airport capacity expansion takes place. Whether airport capacity is expandable or not within a comparatively Short time horizon depends on several factors, including geographical, Political, ecological and economical variables. These factors differ from Airport to airport. There will be a need for the state to strike the right balance between intended commitments and airport infrastructure. As air services agreements with multiple description and gradual removal of capacity restriction have enabled increases in number of air carries and air services, thereby putting supplementary pressure on existing airport capacity and it would continue to challenge the air ports. AIRPORT-AIRSPACE CONGESTION Congestion at airports effect air traffic in airports and strand passengers. The growing of congestion at international airport is a serious issue whose resolution is primarily a question of determination and is not a technical problem and the current situation is choking growth rates in the industry. As our inflexible India has been facing many issues in this congestion immediate action is required. Due to Increased airspace congestion, airport delays and noise are concerns. It has been suggested that a runaway should be built to ease congestion as well as to fend off competition in the airports and manage the runways in a proper way. The premise that some amount of congestion and delay is not inconsistent with efficient and within your means air transportation. Due to this airport congestion and fuel compel reasons, both Boeing and airbus aircraft manufactures companies are introducing new large aircrafts. SAFETY Safety has always been an integral part of an air carriers mission. One of the most significant issues facing airports in the early twenty-first century is that of airport security. Most users of commercial service airports are subjected to security infrastructure, policies, and procedures within the airport terminal area. By introducing some programs like BASIS program which is an excellent model of risk-management feedback. It was designed and developed by safety professionals to provide support in capturing, investigating, and analyzing safety data from incidents and accident. Global Safety Data Management, through its valuable sources of safety information (e.g. IOSA), IATA can: Break down silos in safety data Management and analysis and obtain a complete picture, determine prioritize safety concerns for the industry. And Develop solutions to address issues. At most commercial service airports, controlled access through doors that provide access to the AOA, secure areas, sterile areas, and other areas within the SIDA, as well as many employee-only restricted areas, is enforced by the use of control systems. These systems range from simple key locks to smart-access technologies, such as keypad entry systems requiring proper pass code. Sophisticated recognition verification technologies, including those that employ biometrics, are continuously being developed to enhance access control at airports. Various lighting systems , safeguards, fencing 10 to 20 feet inside the property line and barriers to preclude unauthorized access into the area, which may include Aircraft with unusual or unauthorized modifications can help in prospect. Further development of advanced biometric and information technologies, are expected to provide a contribution to enriching airport security, with the goal of proactively mitigating any future threats to the aviation system while preserving the efficiency of the system itself. Protecting against unknown future threats is an imperfect science, and as such, the future of airport security will always be an unknown entity. Concerns for the safe, secure, and efficient travel of passengers and cargo domestically and internationally will always be a top priority for the civil aviation system, and it can be assured that efforts to make the system as secure as possible will continue to be held in top priority, by all levels of government. NEW LARGE AIRCRAFT (NLA) Numerous key design and operational characteristics of proposed NLA which should need to be taken into contemplation before such aircraft are introduced into the current airport environment. It is anticipated that the development of NLA will continue in the future, bringing newer, larger transport aircraft. We face impact on airport design i.e. on air side and land side which may fall in to many issues in the airport. In an air side it might involve current landside design concepts. With their larger passenger capacity, NLA will affect numerous landside issues such as baggage handling, ticket counters, passenger lounges and cueing areas, parking, terminal design, airport capacity, gate compatibility, and various other items. Airports and their surrounding communities are expressing concerns about how the operations of NLA are going to affect the environment. Aircraft manufacturers are well aware of these concerns and are designing NLA to be compatible with todays noise and emission restrictions. Involving a NLA include the effects of jet blast, turning radius, and bypass taxiing capabilities and NLA should not obstruct other passing aircraft or cause delays in traffic flow. Specific elements of airport planning and design that may be affected by these changes in aircraft characteristics have been identified to assist airport planners and the FAA in preparing for the NLAs arrival which includes signs and marketings in the prospect. CONCLUSION: The problems are many and severe, but challenging. These studies have also investigated how such taxes or trading schemes may impact the structure of the networks and perhaps the industry itself. The future is unlikely to see greater stability in airline pricing structures. Other new forces will be technology, such as improved engine fuel economy, bio-fuels, improved air traffic control, country specific taxes, industry consolidation, and the influence all of these would have on fares and service as well as network reach and design. As these problem areas demonstrate, airline economics is closely interrelated not only with other parts of the economic system but also very much with the social, technological, and political arenas. All in all, the future will be an exciting and challenging one. It must continue to retain the courage of its convictions and pursue liberalization of international aviation market. Working in the airline industry will be stressful dealing with an accelerating pace of change always is but it will provide tremendous opportunities for those privileged to make their living from this still dynamic and fascinating industry.

Abbey, And His Fear Of Progress Essay examples -- essays research pape

Abbey, and His Fear of Progress Edward Abbey The day that the gray jeep with the U.S. Government decal and "Bureau of Public Roads" on it, Edward Abbey knew that progress had arrived. He had foreseen it, watching other parks like his, fall in the face of progress. He knew that hordes of people and their "machines" would come (Abbey 50-51). Most people see progress as a good thing. Abbey proclaims. "I would rather take my chances in a thermonuclear war than live in such a world (Abbey 60)." "Prog-ress n. forward motion or advance to a higher goal; an advance; steady improvement (Webster's)." Is progress really all of that? How can you improve on mother nature? Progress actually detracts from the parks natural beauty. Cars, litter, and vandalism can all be attributed to "progress." In this frame of thinking "progress" kind of contradicts it's self. The most detrimental aspect of progress is the automobile. "'Parks are for people' is the public-relations slogan, which decoded means that the parks are for people-in -automobiles." People come streaming in, driving their cars. They are in a hurry because they are trying to see as many parks as possible in their short vacation time. They have to deal with things such as: car troubles, traffic, hotel rooms, other visitors pushing them onward, their bored children, and the long trip home in a flood of cars. Many of them take tons of pictures, possibly so that they can actually enjoy the park without all of the hassles (Abbey 58). Without leaving their cars they will never actually experience the beauty and wonderment of the parks. They will only find the stress and chaos that they sought to leave at home (Abbey 59). There is a minority though, that prefers to be able to get away from the modern world completely, and travel throughout the parks on foot, bicycle, or horse. With these vehicles they can travel on quiet trails that are impassable by automobiles. These trails will lead them to places where progress has yet to hit. They can sleep in the open, breath the fresh air, and hear nothing but mother nature herself. They will never get pushed out of the way buy the rush of other tourists, cramming to catch a glimpse of the sights (Abbey 59). This is what I call anti-progress. Anti-progress is what progress seeks desperately to destroy. The ... ...y 68)," I tend to agree, people need to get away from the hustle and bustle of their lives. The national parks system is a great way to get away. If we continue to allow our parks to be desecrated by progress our parks system will be just as bad as what you are trying to leave. Abbey strongly believed in his cause. He would also get furious at the destruction of mother nature; he spoke out against this in his lectures and essays. James Bishop wrote in his book The Monkey Wrench Gang (Little 35). Because of Abbey's madcap but deadly serious novel, people of all ages can never again look the same way at massive freeway systems where desert and farmland used to be; at once-lush forests now clear-cut into lunar landscapes-or at huge dams on once-free rivers. Abbey loved the land so much that he wanted to be buried under a rock, in a sleeping bag, in the middle of the desert (Sandlin 11). Carved into the rock reads (Little 35): Works Cited Little, Charles E. "Books for the Wilderness." Wilderness. Summer 1994: 34-35. Sandlin, Tim. "Nightmare Abbey." The New York Times Book Review. 1994, December 11. Webster's Dictionary and Thesaurus. 1993. Landoll, Inc.

Media Function Essay

For individual, the function of media can be thought of as the motives or reasons. Why individual use media products? They do that in order to feel satisfactions; they receive from the use of these products Herta Herzog 1944 She studied the motivation and gratification of radio soap opera listeners Her interest was to try to understand (why women become such ardent fans of the radio soaps The goal of the study was to determine (what satisfactions listeners Said they derived coupled with a psychological evaluation of these listeners The functional approach: sought to account for (why audiences attended to particular content on the assumption that the act of attending served some function for the individual. Herzog found that such programs served function for these women: the provided emotional release, they served as a source of advice What sorts of lessons did soap operas provide? Herzog found that the lessons of the soaps often applied in unlikely situation for ex. One women reported going to the doctor before started her diet because someone on the soap had done so Katz 1959 he relabeled the approach uses and gratification For Katz, uses and gratifications research would empirically test some of the critiques of popular culture that had been made the in 1950s. Katz 1959 he relabeled the approach uses and gratification For Katz, uses and gratifications research would empirically test some of the critiques of popular culture that had been made the in 1950s. Social function of the media Mobilization| Entertainment| Continuity| Correlation| Information| Campaigning for society’s objectives in the field of politics, war, economic development, work, and sometimes religion| -providingentertainment interestingnessand the means of relaxation- reducing social tension| -Expressing the dominant culture and recognizing subcultures and new culture developments-Forming and maintaining commonality of values| -Explaining and commenting on the meaning of events and information-providing support for established authority and norms -socializing-coordinating separate activities-consensus building-setting orders of priority | Providing information about events and condition in society and the world| The assumption of uses and gratification model -The audience is active and hence use of media is goal-directed -Audience have expectation of what certain kinds of content have to offer them, and these expectation help shape their selection. That is, particular audiences can take the initiative in linking their needs to the ability of particular media products to gratify those needs -The media compete with other sources of need satisfaction (such as reading, talking with friends, taking a walk, sleeping). The needs potentially satisfied by the mass media are only part of a wider range of human needs. People are sufficiently aware of their needs, media choices, and the gratifications they receive from media use to be able to tell researchers what motivates their media behavior. -The audience is active and hence use of media is goal-directed -Audience have expectation of what certain kinds of content have to offer them, and these expectation help shape their selection. That is, particular audiences can take the initiative in linking their needs to the ability of particular media products to gratify those needs -The media compete with other sources of need satisfaction (such as reading, talking with friends, taking a walk, sleeping). The needs potentially satisfied by the mass media are only part of a wider range of human needs. People are sufficiently aware of their needs, media choices, and the gratifications they receive from media use to be able to tell researchers what motivates their media behavior. THE CRITIQUE OF FUNCTIONALISM Uses and gratification research has been serious criticisms; This approach ignores the social dimensions of media consumption and reduces media use to an individual psychological relationship In fact, uses and gratification researches offers no way of understanding the connection between individual psychological needs and social structures and processes Uses and gratification research has been serious criticisms; This approach ignores the social dimensions of media consumption and reduces media use to an individual psychological relationship In fact, uses and gratification researches offers no way of understanding the connection between individual psychological needs and social structures and processes The major work on uses and gratifications research has been to catalog the various uses and gratification that audience report obtaining from their media consumption The major work on uses and gratifications research has been to catalog the various uses and gratification that audience report obtaining from their media consumption Entertainment| Integration and social interaction| Personalidentity| information| -Escaping from problemsRelaxing-Getting intrinsic culturalFilling timeEmotional releaseSexual arousal-| -Gaining insight into circumstances of others-Identifying with others -Gaining a sense of belonging-Finding a basis for conversation and social interaction -Helping to carry out social rolesEnabling one to connect with family, friends, and society| -Finding reinforcement for personal values-Finding models of behavior-Identifying with valued others-Gaining insight into one’s self| -Finding out about events and conditions in immediate surroundings ,society, and the world-Seeking advice on functional matters or opinion and decision choices-Satisfying curiosity -Learning, self-education-Gaining a sense of security through knowledge| Narrative is another valuable tool in our textual analysis toolkit Narrative tends to be associated with the way a fictional story is told terms of how events unfold and are revealed to the audience Narrative is an important element in the construction of both fiction and non-fiction texts. Although it is a logical tool to reach for when we undertake the analysis of moving image texts In media studies, looking at narrative structure implies that we explore the way in which the inf. Contained within a text is revealed to us. It has implication for the way in which print texts, images and sound texts are constructed Narrative is another valuable tool in our textual analysis toolkit Narrative tends to be associated with the way a fictional story is told terms of how events unfold and are revealed to the audience Narrative is an important element in the construction of both fiction and non-fiction texts. Although it is a logical tool to reach for when we undertake the analysis of moving image texts In media studies, looking at narrative structure implies that we explore the way in which the inf. Contained within a text is revealed to us. It has implication for the way in which print texts, images and sound texts are constructed NARRATIVE AS AN ANALYTICAL TOOL Enigma code Roland Barthes has defined the key narrative device as enigma code, use to guess the next piece of information to be reveled Think of trailers at the cinema or cliffhangers in TV serial drama The enigma is a useful narrative device to keep the reader interested by whetting his appetite to find out more (magazine front covers are another example of enigma code Work as narrative in the sense of offering a frozen moment. We are invited to compete in our minds what happened before and after the frozen moment Narrative can be said to organize the flow of info on the page, determining how we read the text Enigma code Roland Barthes has defined the key narrative device as enigma code, use to guess the next piece of information to be reveled Think of trailers at the cinema or cliffhangers in TV serial drama The enigma is a useful narrative device to keep the reader interested by whetting his appetite to find out more (magazine front covers are another example of enigma code Work as narrative in the sense of offering a frozen moment. We are invited to compete in our minds what happened before and after the frozen moment Narrative can be said to organize the flow of info on the page, determining how we read the text On important aspect of the narrative is how the flow of this information is controlled. The flow of this information to the reader is controlled through the headline, the opining paragraph, or intro, the illustration and the outcome. On important aspect of the narrative is how the flow of this information is controlled. The flow of this information to the reader is controlled through the headline, the opining paragraph, or intro, the illustration and the outcome. Three main reasons for studying media narrative. One- it shifts the focus of attention from content to the structure and process of storytelling Two- it allows us to investigate the similarities and differences in narrative media forms Three-it can reveal how the meanings of the narrative forms relate to the wider disposition of social power Three main reasons for studying media narrative. One- it shifts the focus of attention from content to the structure and process of storytelling Two- it allows us to investigate the similarities and differences in narrative media forms Three-it can reveal how the meanings of the narrative forms relate to the wider disposition of social power ADRIAN TILLY argues that although story telling often appears invisible, it is in fact a complex process He points out; narrative is an important part of our socialization as it moderates our behavior The nature of media narrative and their relation to our social study situations is the object of narrative study. ADRIAN TILLY argues that although story telling often appears invisible, it is in fact a complex process He points out; narrative is an important part of our socialization as it moderates our behavior The nature of media narrative and their relation to our social study situations is the object of narrative study. PARADIGM SHIFT: FROM A RATIONAL WORLD PARADIGM TO A NARRATIVE ONE NARRATIVE PARDIGM| RATIONAL –WORLD PARADIGM| -people are essentially storytellers-we make decision on the basis of good reasons, which vary depending on the communication situation -history, biography, culture, and character determine what we consider good reasons-narrative rationality is determined by coherence and fidelity of our stories-the world is a set of stories from which we choose, and thus constantly re-create, our lives (a theoretical framework that views narrative as basis of all human communication)| -people are essentially rational-we make decision on basis of arguments -the types of speaking situation determines the course of our arguments-rationality is determined by how much we know and how well we argue-the world is a set of logical puzzles that we can solve through rational analysis(a scientific approach to knowledge that assumes people are logical, making decisions on the basis of evidence and arguments)| Encoding and decoding One of the key issues in audience studies, concern the relationship between producer, text, and audience This equation is about a balance of power: assessing the extent to which audiences are influenced by media text and what extent they appropriate them in ways quite different to the producers’ intentions Encoding and decoding One of the key issues in audience studies, concern the relationship between producer, text, and audience This equation is about a balance of power: assessing the extent to which audiences are influenced by media text and what extent they appropriate them in ways quite different to the producers’ intentions Meaning structures one Meaning structures one Meaning structures two Meaning structures two Stuart Hall’s Encoding/Decoding model In the diagram, he represents the two sides: Encoding, which is the domain of the producer Decoding, the domain of the audience The process of communicating a message requires that it be encoded in such a way that the receiver of the message is able to decoded Ex. Televisual message is encoded through the use of camera technology, transmitted as a signal and then decoded using a television set if you do not have a TV you don’t have the means to understand One reason that the encoded and decoded messages may not be the same is the capacity of the audience to vary its response to media message Stuart Hall’s Encoding/Decoding model In the diagram, he represents the two sides: Encoding, which is the domain of the producer Decoding, the domain of the audience The process of communicating a message requires that it be encoded in such a way that the receiver of the message is able to decoded Ex. Televisual message is encoded through the use of camera technology, transmitted as a signal and then decoded using a television set if you do not have a TV you don’t have the means to understand One reason that the encoded and decoded messages may not be the same is the capacity of the audience to vary its response to media message Why the audience vary in response to media message? Because they are influenced by their social position, gender, age, ethnicity, occupation, experience, beliefs, where they are, what they are doing, when they receive a message Hall categorised three kinds of audience response: Dominant- the audience agree with the dominant values expressed within the preferred reading of the text Negotiated- the audience generally agree with the dominant values expressed within the preferred reading but they may disagree with certain aspects according to their social background Oppositional- the audience dis agree with dominant values expressed within the preferred reading of the text One concept that has been challenged subsequently by theorists is the notion of preferred reading This refers to the way the encoder would prefer the audience to interpret a media message, above all other possible readings. However, it could be argued that some texts are deliberately created to remain open interpretation Why the audience vary in response to media message? Because they are influenced by their social position, gender, age, ethnicity, occupation, experience, beliefs, where they are, what they are doing, when they receive a message Hall categorised three kinds of audience response: Dominant- the audience agree with the dominant values expressed within the preferred reading of the text Negotiated- the audience generally agree with the dominant values expressed within the preferred reading but they may disagree with certain aspects according to their social background Oppositional- the audience dis agree with dominant values expressed within the preferred reading of the text One concept that has been challenged subsequently by theorists is the notion of preferred reading This refers to the way the encoder would prefer the audience to interpret a media message, above all other possible readings. However, it could be argued that some texts are deliberately created to remain open interpretation

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